Early Computers

Image Source: Wikipedia

Resident Monitor

Image Source: Dr Joneja, Hong Kong UST

Early OS - OS/360

Image Source: Wikipedia

Unix

Image Source: Wikipedia

PC Operating Systems

Image Source: Wikipedia and Wikipedia

Microsoft Windows

• Originally released in 1985
• Started as an extension of MS-DOS
• Windows 95 hit it BIG (57% market share in 1998)
• Windows 7 most popular operating system today (47%)
• Windows has 90% global market share (all versions)

OS X

• Based on BSD version of Unix and developments at NeXT
• Originally released in 2001
• Uses an open-source core called Darwin
• 10.5 and later versions have Unix 03 certification (comply with the Unix standard)

GNU/Linux

• Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991
• Open source replacement for Unix
• GNU refers to the entire OS, Linux refers primarily to the core
• Linux runs on many platforms
• < 2% market share on desktops,
  79% on mobile devices (Android)
• 95% of top 500 supercomputers

Virtualization

• Computer program that acts like generic hardware
• Allows one (or more) operating systems to run within a host OS
• Takes advantage of more powerful hardware
• 10:1 ratio of virtual machines to hardware common

Architecture

Image Source: Wikipedia

Kernel

Image Source: Wikipedia

OS Components

• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
  • Run program
  • Manage system settings
  • Interact wtih devices
• Command Line Interface (CLI)
• Program Management

OS Types

• Real Time
• Multi-user
• Mutli-tasking
• Single-tasking
• Distributed
• Embedded

OS Features

• Process Management
• Memory Management
• Virtual Memory
• Multitasking
• File Systems
• Device Drivers
• Network Interfaces

Installation

1. Partition the disk
2. Copy installation files
3. Extract & install
4. Configure basic settings
5. Reboot

VMWare Workstation

Disks

• Disks are separated into partitions
• Partitions contain a file system
• Operating systems are installed to a single partition
• Other partitions may be used for storage, virtual memory

Initial Configuration

• Disk Partitions - single 60GB
• Computer Name - CIS527<W,L>_<your_eID> (ex: CIS527W_russfeld)
• Initial User - cis527
• Virtual Memory - defaults

Assignments

• Lab 1 - Secure Workstations - Due Sunday, Feb 9th by 11:59 PM
• Build secure Windows & Linux using VMWare Workstation
• Turn in:
  • CIS Transient Storage
  • via Storage Media in class Monday Feb 10th