CIS 225
Ubuntu 16.04 In-Depth
Image Source: Wikipedia
Ubuntu History
- Based on the Debian Linux system
- 4.10 - Warty Warthog (Oct. 2004)
- New releases every 6 months
- 14.04 - Trusty Tahr (LTS): 5 years of security updates
- 15.10 - Wily Warewolf
- 16.04 - Xenial Xerus (LTS)
Image Source: Wikipedia
Image Source: Wikipedia
What is Linux?
- A free operating system kernel written to be compatible with Unix
- Most use GNU implementations of core Unix utilities and programs
- Linux Distributions tie a certain kernel to certain programs, utilities, and display managers
Linux History
- 1971 - Unix released by Bell Labs
- 1983 - Richard Stallman creates GNU project to create free Unix utilities
- 1990 - GNU kernel project stalled
- 1991 - Linus Torvalds develops a kernel for use with GNU tools
- 1992 - Linux released under GPL License
Linux History
- 1993 - Slackware & Debian created
- 1994 - Version 1.0 of the kernel
- 1994 - Red Hat & SUSE released
- 1996 - Version 2.0, multiprocessor support
- 1998 - Compaq, IBM, & Oracle support Linux
Major Ubuntu Components
- GNOME Desktop with Unity
- System Settings
- Software Center
- File System Layout
- Configuration Files
- The Dreaded Terminal
- Mir, Wayland, Upstart, Init, etc.
Filesystem Layout
- bin - Binary utilities
- dev - Devices (as files!)
- etc - Configuration files
- home - User files
- lib - Shared libraries
- usr - User Programs
- var - Variable data (logs)
Image Source: Geek Stuff
Configuration Files
- Most Linux programs store configuration in text files
- They can be found in /etc
- Usually requires administrator access to edit them
- MAKE BACKUPS! BE CAREFUL!
Other Stuff
- X.org - Library for displaying GUI
- Wayland - Replacing X on most distros
- Mir - Ubuntu's replacement
- init - System startup process
- Upstart - Ubuntu's init replacement
- systemd - New startup process, most distros (incl. Ubuntu) use it now
Ubuntu Boot Process
- BIOS looks for a bootloader in first sector of the disk
- Typically either GRUB or LILO
- The bootloader loads the kernel and the initial ramdisk (initrd)
- The root filesystem is found, mounted, and init/upstart/systemd start loading processes
Ubuntu Boot Process
- The X window system is started
- The desktop environment is loaded (GNOME, KDE, etc.)
- Other services are loaded in parallel
- The system is ready for use
Ubuntu Tasks
- Set Computer Name
- Manage Installed Programs
- User Accounts
- VMWare Tools
- Internet Access
- Software Updates
- Boot Configuration
Reading
Assignments
- Lab 2 - Virtualization, OS Install & Config
Due 9/12 11:30 AM Before Lecture!!