CIS 115

Lecture 16: Artificial Intelligence

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Alan Turing

"I propose to consider the question, 'Can machines think?'" - Turing, 1950

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Turing Test

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Intelligent or Merely Human?

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Chinese Room - John Searle

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Strong AI vs. Weak AI

• Strong AI - matches human intelligence and is capable of performing any task
• Weak AI - only designed to perform a specific subset of intelligent actions

Logic Theorist

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Allen Newell       Herbert Simon

Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence - 1956

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Subtopics

• Deduction, Reasoning & Problem Solving
• Knowledge Representation
• Planning
• Learning
• Natural Language Processing
• Motion and Manipulation
• Perception
• Social Intelligence
• Creativity
• General Intelligence

Tools

• Search Trees & Optimation
• Logic Processing
• Heuristics (Probability and Statistics)
• Bayesian Networks (Inference)
• Neural Networks

Marvin Minsky

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Artificial Neural Networks

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Neural Network Activity

• Each person has 10 images
• Vote if that image is a CAT or DOG
• If you are correct, you get more votes next time
• If you are incorrect, you get less votes next time

Camouflaging Tanks

• 100 photos of tanks behind trees
• 100 photos of just trees
• It worked for all pictures that were used to train the system
• It didn't work for another set of pictures

Why?

Deep Blue

Beat Gary Kasparov at Chess in 1997

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Other Uses

• Microsoft Kinect
• Apple Siri
• Google
• Wolfram Alpha

Almost Everywhere!

What we talked about

• Alan Turing & the Turing Test
• John Searle & the Chinese Room
• Newell & Simon's Logic Theorist
• Dartmouth Research Project
• Subtopics & Tools in AI
• Marvin Minsky & Neural Networks
• AI Today (breifly)

What we didn't talked about

• Philosophical Implications
• Ethical Implications
• Solvability - Is there something a human can do that can't be done by an AI?
• The Singularity
• What is "consciousness"?

Assignments

• Read and be prepared to discuss:
  • Tubes Chapter 7: Where Data Sleeps
• Blog 8: How Has the Internet Influenced You? - Due 3/31 10:00 PM
• HTML & CSS Website - Due 3/26 10:00 PM
• Mars Rover - Due 4/9 10:00 PM

Blog 8: How Has the Internet Influenced You?

The internet has been a major force in our lives for several decades now. Write about how the internet has influenced you as a person. Try and think about ways that you would be a different person if you didn’t have the internet. Things you can think about:

• Instant Messaging, Email and Social Media
• Online Gaming
• Wikipedia and Simple Online Research
• Availability of Media Online

Mars Rover

Mars Rover AI