CIS 115

Lecture 13: The History
of the Internet

The Problem

Image Source: Wikipedia

J.C.R. Licklider

Image Source: Wikipedia

J.C.R Licklider

"A network of such [computers], connected to one another by wide-band communication lines [which provided] the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval and [other] symbiotic functions."

J.C.R. Licklider - 1960
Man-Computer Symbiosis

Intergalactic Computer Network

• Global network of computers
• Instantly access data and programs from any other computers

Leonard Kleinrock

Image Source: Wikipedia

October 29, 1969 - First Post!

Image Source: Wikipedia

ARPANET

Image Source: Wikipedia

Lots of Networks

• ARPANET
• NPL
• Merit
• CYCLADES
• X.25 & Public Networks
• UUCP - Usenet

Unification

Image Source: Wikipedia

Vinton Cerf   Robert Kahn   Pres. Bush

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

• Small networks could talk via a common standard (or protocol)
• No single point of failure in a system
• Computers could acknowledge successful transmission or request a retransmittal of missing data
• Data transmission was tolerant of errors and lost data

The Internet (1985)

Image Source: Wikipedia

The World Wide Web

Image Source: Wikipedia

Tim Berners-Lee

Image Source: Wikipedia

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

• Method for requesting a World Wide Web resource (web page) from a web server using the Internet
• Commonly runs on top of TCP

Early Browsers - Mosaic

Image Source: Wikipedia

Early Browsers - Lynx

Image Source: Wikipedia

Early Browsers - Line Mode

Image Source: CERN

Commercial Web (1996 - 1999)

Image Source: Tasty Placement

Commercial Web (1996 - 1999)

Image Source: Tasty Placement

Dot-Com Boom (1999 - 2001)

Image Source: Wikipedia

Dot-Com Bust

• Infospace: $1,305/share in March 2000; $2.67 by June 2002
• The Learning Company: Bought for $3.5 billion in 1999; sold for $27.3 million in 2000
• Geocities: Purchased by Yahoo for $3.57 billion in 1999, closed 10 years later

The Internet Today

• Web 2.0 and Social Media
• Ubiquitous Internet Access
• Mobile Devices
• Rise of Search Engines

Assignments

• Read and be prepared to discuss:
  • Tubes Chapter 3: Only Connect
• Blog 6: TBD - Due 10/13 10:00 PM
• Scratch HPC Sum - Due 10/14 10:00 PM
• Scratch Mars Rover - Due TBD

Blog 6: How has the Internet Influenced You?

The internet has been a major force in our lives for several decades now. Write about how the internet has influenced you as a person. Try and think about ways that you would be a different person if you didn’t have the internet. Things you can think about:

• Instant Messaging, Email and Social Media
• Online Gaming
• Wikipedia and Simple Online Research
• Availability of Media Online